Because such an understanding of hashish is secular, the affiliation of hashish with Islamic thought and settings is rendered meaningless…. Similarly, Abdals wandered around naked except for a tennure symbolizing Adam’s fig-leaf and consumed hashish (“green leaves”) in considerable quantities. Deeming hashish to be one form of intoxicant, Islamic legal prohibition of intoxicants is extended to censure the use of hashish. Rosenthal notes that in the medieval Islamic literature it is “constantly stressed that wine causes quarrelsomeness, and hashish a kind of languid placidity. As with the Zoroastrian infusions, although seen as particularly heretical, in the medieval Islamic world, the “combination of wine and hashish was quite often attempted…”: A respectable scholar found nothing wrong in using both wine and hashish on the same occasion.
CANNABIS CULTURE – While there are a number of local differences, the use of cannabis with a varying intensity has had a time-honored role in many Muslim countries. Mystic use of cannabis continued in Persia through the late Zoroastrian period and into the early Islamic times. The earlier use and its continuation in the early Islamic period is attested to in many texts reviewed here. Its use during the Zoroastrian period was strictly prohibited from anyone but the most elite members of that society and subjected to much secrecy surrounding its use, contributing to misunderstandings. Most of the more mystical branches of Islam adopted the use of cannabis,...
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